How to Self-Host n8n: Complete Guide to Workflow Automation

Managing workflows across multiple applications gets complicated fast. Whether you’re automating document processing, syncing data between platforms, or building multi-step business processes, an automation tool helps.

n8n is an open-source, self-hosted workflow automation platform. It competes with tools like Zapier or Microsoft Power Automate, but you host it yourself and customize it however you want.

What is n8n?

n8n (pronounced “nodemation”) connects different services and automates repetitive tasks through a visual interface. The platform uses nodes—components that perform specific functions—connected together to form automation sequences.

Key Benefits of n8n

The project maintains an open-source approach with additional enterprise features available for organizations requiring advanced capabilities. You can explore the codebase and contribute at the official GitHub repository or visit their website for comprehensive documentation.

How n8n Works

n8n uses nodes. Each node represents a function or service integration. You create workflows by connecting nodes in sequence, and data flows from one node to the next.

Component Type	Purpose	Use Cases
Trigger Nodes	Initiate workflow execution	Webhook requests, scheduled tasks, file changes, email arrivals
Regular Nodes	Perform actions	API calls, data processing, file operations
Control Nodes	Manage workflow logic	Conditional branching, loops, error handling, data merging
Code Nodes	Run custom scripts	Complex calculations, data transformations
Sub-workflow Nodes	Reference other workflows	Reusable components, modular design

This modular approach lets you build simple data sync tasks or complex multi-step business processes.

Essential Requirements:

• Server Infrastructure: A VPS or dedicated server. Hetzner works well, or use a Mini PC as Home Server
• Operating System: Linux-based system (Ubuntu 20.04+ recommended) with Docker support
• Domain Name: A registered domain for accessing your n8n instance (e.g., n8n.yourdomain.com)
• SSL Certificate: For secure HTTPS access to your workflows and webhook endpoints

Technical Prerequisites:

• Reverse Proxy Setup: Traefik configured with Docker:
  • How to Use Traefik as A Reverse Proxy in Docker
  • Traefik FREE Let’s Encrypt Wildcard Certificate With CloudFlare Provider
• Container Management: Docker and Docker Compose installed on your server
• Optional Management UI: Dockge for simplified container management - see Dockge - Portainer Alternative for Docker Management

Recommended Specifications:

Component	Minimum	Recommended	Enterprise
CPU	2 cores	4 cores	8+ cores
RAM	2GB	4GB	8GB+
Storage	20GB SSD	50GB SSD	100GB+ NVMe
Network	100 Mbps	1 Gbps	10 Gbps

Setup Option 1: Docker & Docker Compose (Standalone)

This approach works well for getting started or development environments where you want direct access to n8n.

Step 1: Create Project Directory

Create a directory for your n8n installation:

mkdir -p ~/n8n-automation && cd ~/n8n-automation

This creates a clean workspace where all n8n-related files will be organized and easily manageable.

Step 2: Create Docker Compose Configuration

Create a comprehensive Docker Compose file that includes both n8n and Redis for optimal performance:

version: '3.8'

services:
  n8n:
    image: docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n:latest
    container_name: n8n-app
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - '5678:5678'
    environment:
      - VUE_APP_URL_BASE_API=http://localhost:5678
      - N8N_EDITOR_BASE_URL=http://localhost:5678
      - WEBHOOK_URL=http://localhost:5678
      - GENERIC_TIMEZONE=UTC
      - N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
      - N8N_ENFORCE_SETTINGS_FILE_PERMISSIONS=true
      - DB_TYPE=sqlite
      - N8N_LOG_LEVEL=info
      - N8N_LOG_OUTPUT=console
      - EXECUTIONS_DATA_PRUNE=true
      - EXECUTIONS_DATA_MAX_AGE=168
    volumes:
      - ./data:/home/node/.n8n
      - ./files:/files
      - ./custom-nodes:/opt/custom-nodes
    cap_drop:
      - ALL
    cap_add:
      - SETUID
      - SETGID
      - CHOWN
      - DAC_OVERRIDE
    depends_on:
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ['CMD', 'wget', '--no-verbose', '--tries=1', '--spider', 'http://localhost:5678/healthz']
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 40s

  redis:
    container_name: n8n-redis
    image: redis:7-alpine
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --maxmemory 512mb --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
    cap_drop:
      - ALL
    cap_add:
      - SETUID
      - SETGID
      - CHOWN
      - DAC_OVERRIDE
    healthcheck:
      test: ['CMD', 'redis-cli', 'ping']
      interval: 15s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s

volumes:
  redis-data:
    driver: local

Step 3: Initialize Configuration Directory

Set up the necessary directories and generate a secure encryption key:

# Create required directories
mkdir -p {data,files,custom-nodes}

# Generate a secure encryption key
echo "N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)" > .env

# Set proper permissions
chmod 700 data
chmod 755 files custom-nodes

Step 4: Launch n8n

Start your n8n instance and verify the deployment:

# Launch the containers
docker compose up -d

# Verify containers are running
docker compose ps

# Check logs for any issues
docker compose logs -f n8n

Step 5: Access Your Automation Platform

Navigate to http://localhost:5678 in your web browser. You’ll be greeted with the n8n setup wizard where you can:

• Create your administrator account
• Configure basic settings
• Start building your first workflow

Setup Option 2: Traefik & Dockge Integration

This professional setup provides automatic HTTPS certificates, domain routing, and simplified management through Dockge’s intuitive interface—ideal for production environments.

Step 1: Prepare Traefik Network

Establish the external network that Traefik uses for service discovery:

# Create the Traefik network if it doesn't exist
docker network create traefik-net 2>/dev/null || echo "Network already exists"

# Verify network creation
docker network ls | grep traefik-net

Step 2: Enhanced Docker Compose with Traefik Labels

Create a production-ready configuration with automatic SSL and domain routing:

version: '3.8'

networks:
  traefik-net:
    external: true

services:
  n8n:
    image: docker.n8n.io/n8nio/n8n:latest
    container_name: n8n-production
    environment:
      - VUE_APP_URL_BASE_API=https://n8n.yourdomain.com
      - N8N_EDITOR_BASE_URL=https://n8n.yourdomain.com
      - WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.yourdomain.com
      - GENERIC_TIMEZONE=UTC
      - N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
      - N8N_ENFORCE_SETTINGS_FILE_PERMISSIONS=true
      - DB_TYPE=sqlite
      - N8N_LOG_LEVEL=warn
      - N8N_LOG_OUTPUT=file
      - EXECUTIONS_DATA_PRUNE=true
      - EXECUTIONS_DATA_MAX_AGE=336
      - N8N_METRICS=true
      - QUEUE_BULL_REDIS_HOST=redis
      - QUEUE_BULL_REDIS_PORT=6379
    volumes:
      - ./data:/home/node/.n8n
      - ./files:/files
      - ./logs:/var/log/n8n
    networks:
      - traefik-net
    depends_on:
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    restart: unless-stopped
    labels:
      - "traefik.enable=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.n8n.rule=Host(`n8n.yourdomain.com`)"
      - "traefik.http.routers.n8n.entrypoints=https"
      - "traefik.http.routers.n8n.tls=true"
      - "traefik.http.routers.n8n.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
      - "traefik.http.services.n8n.loadbalancer.server.port=5678"
      - "traefik.http.routers.n8n.middlewares=security-headers@file"

  redis:
    container_name: n8n-redis-prod
    image: redis:7-alpine
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes --maxmemory 1gb --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru --save 900 1
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - traefik-net
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
      - ./redis-config:/usr/local/etc/redis
    cap_drop:
      - ALL
    cap_add:
      - SETUID
      - SETGID
      - CHOWN
      - DAC_OVERRIDE
    healthcheck:
      test: ['CMD', 'redis-cli', 'ping']
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
      start_period: 30s

volumes:
  redis-data:
    driver: local

Step 3: Deploy Through Dockge

If you’re using Dockge for container management:

1. Access Dockge Interface: Navigate to your Dockge installation
2. Create New Stack: Click “Create Stack” and name it “n8n-production”
3. Paste Configuration: Copy the Docker Compose content above
4. Configure Environment: Add your encryption key and domain settings
5. Deploy Stack: Click deploy and monitor the deployment logs

Deploy via Dockge

Step 4: Configure Domain DNS

Update your DNS records to point to your server:

Record Type	Name	Value	TTL
A	n8n	YOUR_SERVER_IP	300
AAAA	n8n	YOUR_IPv6_ADDRESS	300

Setup Option 3: Dokploy Easy Deployment

Dokploy offers the simplest deployment method with a user-friendly interface that handles most configuration automatically—perfect for users who prefer GUI-based management.

Step 1: Install Dokploy

Follow our comprehensive Dokploy installation guide to set up this modern deployment platform on your server.

Step 2: Create n8n Application

1. Access Dokploy Dashboard: Log into your Dokploy instance
2. Create New Project: Click “New Project” and name it “n8n-automation”
3. Select Template: Choose “n8n” from the available templates or use Docker Compose mode
4. Configure Basic Settings: Set your application name and description

Step 3: Configure Environment Variables

Set up essential environment variables for optimal n8n operation:

Variable Name	Value	Description
VUE_APP_URL_BASE_API	https://n8n.yourdomain.com	Frontend API endpoint
N8N_EDITOR_BASE_URL	https://n8n.yourdomain.com	Editor interface URL
WEBHOOK_URL	https://n8n.yourdomain.com	Webhook endpoint base
GENERIC_TIMEZONE	UTC	Server timezone
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY	your_generated_key	Encryption key for credentials
N8N_LOG_LEVEL	info	Logging verbosity
EXECUTIONS_DATA_PRUNE	true	Enable execution cleanup
EXECUTIONS_DATA_MAX_AGE	168	Keep executions for 7 days

Step 4: Domain Configuration

1. Add Domain: In Dokploy, navigate to your n8n application settings
2. Configure SSL: Enable automatic SSL certificate generation
3. Set Domain: Enter your chosen subdomain (e.g., n8n.yourdomain.com)
4. Verify DNS: Ensure your domain points to the Dokploy server

Step 5: Deploy Application

1. Review Configuration: Double-check all settings and environment variables
2. Deploy: Click the deploy button and monitor the deployment process
3. Access Application: Once deployed, access your n8n instance via the configured domain

Launch n8n Deployment

Monitoring and Maintenance

Establish robust monitoring and maintenance practices to ensure your n8n instance operates reliably and efficiently over time.

Health Monitoring

Implement comprehensive health checks to monitor your n8n deployment:

healthcheck:
  test: ['CMD', 'wget', '--no-verbose', '--tries=1', '--spider', 'http://localhost:5678/healthz']
  interval: 30s
  timeout: 10s
  retries: 3
  start_period: 60s

Key Metrics to Monitor:

Metric	Description	Alert Threshold
Response Time	API endpoint response times	> 5 seconds
Memory Usage	Container memory consumption	> 80%
CPU Usage	Processing load	> 85% sustained
Disk Space	Storage utilization	> 90%
Failed Executions	Workflow failure rate	> 10%
Queue Length	Pending workflow executions	> 100 items

Regular Maintenance Tasks

Establish a maintenance schedule to keep your n8n instance running smoothly:

Weekly Tasks:

• Review execution logs for errors
• Check storage usage and clean old executions
• Verify backup integrity
• Update workflow documentation

Monthly Tasks:

• Update n8n to the latest stable version
• Review and optimize workflow performance
• Audit user access and permissions
• Analyze usage patterns and resource requirements

Quarterly Tasks:

• Comprehensive security audit
• Disaster recovery testing
• Performance benchmarking
• Infrastructure capacity planning

Backup Strategies

Implement a comprehensive backup strategy to protect your automation workflows and data:

#!/bin/bash
# n8n Backup Script

BACKUP_DIR="/backups/n8n"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
N8N_DATA_DIR="./data"

# Create backup directory
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR

# Backup n8n data
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/n8n_data_$DATE.tar.gz $N8N_DATA_DIR

# Backup Docker Compose configuration
cp docker-compose.yml $BACKUP_DIR/docker-compose_$DATE.yml
cp .env $BACKUP_DIR/env_$DATE.backup

# Clean old backups (keep last 30 days)
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +30 -delete

echo "Backup completed: n8n_data_$DATE.tar.gz"

Conclusion

Self-hosting n8n transforms your approach to workflow automation by providing unprecedented control, privacy, and customization capabilities. Throughout this comprehensive guide, we’ve explored three distinct setup methods—from simple Docker deployments to sophisticated Traefik integrations and user-friendly Dokploy implementations—ensuring you can choose the approach that best matches your technical expertise and infrastructure requirements.

Key Advantages of Self-Hosting n8n:

Whether you’re automating document processing workflows, synchronizing data between business systems, or creating complex multi-step processes, n8n provides the foundation for building robust, reliable automation solutions that grow with your needs.

Next Steps:

1. Start Small: Begin with simple workflows to familiarize yourself with n8n’s capabilities
2. Explore Integrations: Test connections to your most frequently used services
3. Build Complexity: Gradually create more sophisticated workflows as your confidence grows
4. Share Knowledge: Contribute to the n8n community and learn from other users’ experiences
5. Scale Thoughtfully: Monitor performance and scale your infrastructure as workflow complexity increases

Begin Your Automation Journey

The power of workflow automation awaits—start building your digital efficiency engine today with n8n and transform how you handle repetitive tasks, data integration, and business process automation. Your future self will thank you for the time and effort saved through intelligent automation.

For additional guidance on Docker containerization and related technologies, explore our extensive collection of self-hosting guides and Docker tutorials.